『壹』 关于环保的英语
全球环保类热门话题英语词汇：
21世纪议程：Agenda 21
世界环境日（6月日）：World Environment Day (June 5th each year)
世界环境日主题：World Environment Day Themes
冰川消融，后果堪忧！（2007年）Melting Ice–a Hot Topic!
莫使旱地变荒漠！（2006年）Deserts and Desertification–Don't Desert Drylands!
营造绿色城市，呵护地球家园！（2005年）Green Cities – Plan for the Planet!
海洋存亡，匹夫有责！（2004年）Wanted! Seas and Oceans – Dead or Alive!
水——二十亿人生命之所系！（2003年）Water - Two Billion People are Dying for It!
让地球充满生机！（2002年）Give Earth a Chance!
世间万物生命之网！（2001年）Connect with the World Wide Web of life!
环境千年-行动起来吧！（2000年）The Environment Millennium - Time to Act!
拯救地球就是拯救未来！（1999年）Our Earth - Our Future - Just Save It!
为了地球上的生命-拯救我们的海洋！（1998年) For Life on Earth - Save Our Seas!
为了地球上的生命！（1997）For Life on Earth
我们的地球、居住地、家园：（1996）Our Earth, Our Habitat, Our Home
国际生物多样性日（12月29日）：International Biodiversity Day (29 December)
世界水日（3月22日）：World Water Day (22 March)
世界气象日（3月23日）：World Meteorological Day (23 March)
世界海洋日（6月8日）：World Oceans Day (8 June)
植树节（3月12日）：Arbor Day (12 March)
面临的环境保护问题及污染问题英文词汇：
废水：waste/polluted water
废气：waste/polluted gas
废渣：resie
工业固体废物：instrial solid wastes
白色污染：white pollution (by using and littering of non-degradable white plastics)
有机污染物：organic pollutants
森林砍伐率：rate of deforestation
水土流失：water and soil erosion
土壤盐碱化：soil alkalization
濒危野生动物：endangered wildlife
环境恶化：environmental degradation
城市化失控：uncontrolled urbanization
温室效应：greenhouse effect
全球变暖：global warming
环保问题拯救措施及污染治理相关英语口译词汇：
中国环保基本政策：the basic policies of China's environmental protection
预防为主、防治结合的政策：policy of of prevention in the first place and integrating prevention with control
治理环境污染：curb environmental pollution; bring the pollution under control
可降解一次性塑料袋：throwaway bio-degradable plastics bags
垃圾填埋场：refuse landfill
垃圾焚化场：refuse incinerator
防止过度利用森林：protest forests from overexploitation
水土保持：conservation of water and soil
水资源保护区：water resource conservation zone
造林工程：afforestation project
珍稀濒危物种繁育基地：rare and endangered species breeding center
绿化祖国：turn the country green
全民义务植树日：National Tree-Planting Day
森林覆盖率：forest coverage
防风林：wind breaks
防沙林：sand breaks
速生林：fast-growing trees
降低资源消耗率：slow down the rate of resource degradation
开发可再生资源：develop renewable resources
环保产品：environment-friendly procts
自然保护区：nature reserve
『贰』 废水的英文单词怎么拼
你好!
废水
Waste water
『叁』 “污水坑”是什么意思
这是吉兆，说明你的孩子或者你会有好运。当然，另外的可能是你目前过分焦虑孩子的某种情况，反映在梦里的表现。无论如何，这个梦兆说明你的担忧是不必要的。
『肆』 净水器的废水比用英语怎么说
净水器的废水比
英文翻译
Water purifier wastewater
『伍』 废水英文怎么说啊
在环境工程中，“废水”特指市政废水，其中主要是生活废水，用“sweage”。“污水”特指工业排放的污水，用“effluent”
『陆』 英文翻译 Water problems in the future...
“水问题将变得更加强烈和未来变得更为复杂。我们的人口增长将极大的提高专城市的浪费属,主要污水。另一方面,会减少对水的需求日益增长的水量大幅可供冲淡废物。迅速发展的行业涉及越来越复杂的化学过程会产生较大的大量的液体垃圾、并且许多这些将包含化学物质是有毒的。满足我们对迅速扩张的人口、农业将愈演愈烈。这将涉及不断增加的数量的化学农药。从这个,很明显,极端措施必须马上采取纠正措施发展污染问题。
有两种方法,污染问题可以减少了。第一个关系到废物运送到的治疗降低它们的污染危害。这涉及到固体废物的处理之前“处置及治疗的液体废物或者废水,允许的复用水或减少污染在最终处理。
第二个方法是开发一个经济使用全部或部分的废物。农业肥料领域,有传播营养或有机补充。废水从污水处理植物是用在一些地区的灌溉与两种营养的火势已得到控制。从其他污水处理厂也可以用作补充的水源。许多产业的发展,诸如肉类和家禽加工厂,目前转换前废物转化为可以在市场上交易的副产品。其他产业经济的潜在用途开发他们的排泄物产品。”
『柒』 废水的英文（一个单词的）
effluents/书面一些
sewage
drainage
都可以
『捌』 求一篇关于废水处理的英文文章
Raw Influent (Sewage) is the liquid waste from toilets, baths, showers, kitchens, sinks etc. Household waste that is disposed of via sewers. In many areas sewage also includes some liquid waste from instry and commerce. In the UK, the waste from toilets is termed foul waste, the waste from items such as basins, baths, kitchens is termed sullage water, and the instrial and commercial waste is termed trade waste.
The division of household water drains into greywater and blackwater is becoming more common in the developed world, with greywater being permitted to be used for watering plants or recycled for flushing toilets. A lot of sewage also includes some surface water from roofs or hard-standing areas. Municipal wastewater therefore includes residential, commercial, and instrial liquid waste discharges, and may include stormwater runoff. Sewage systems capable of handling stormwater are known as combined systems. Such systems are usually avoided since they complicate and thereby rece the efficiency of sewage treatment plants owing to their seasonality. In addition, heavy storms may overwhelm the sewage treatment system, causing a spill or overflow. It is preferable to have a separate storm drain system for stormwater.
The construction of combined sewers is a less common practice in the United States and Canada than in the past and is no longer accepted within building regulations in the UK and other European countries. Instead, liquid waste and stormwater are collected and conveyed in separate sewer systems, referred to as sanitary sewers and storm sewers in the U.S. and as foul sewers and surface water sewers in the UK. Overflows from foul sewers designed to relieve pressure from heavy rainfall are termed storm sewers or combined sewer overflows.
As rainfall runs over the surface of roofs and the ground, it may pick up various contaminants including soil particles, (sediment), heavy metals, organic compounds, animal waste, and oil and grease. Some jurisdictions require stormwater to receive some level of treatment before being discharged directly into waterways. Examples of treatment processes used for stormwater include sedimentation basins, wetlands, and vortex separators (to remove coarse solids).
The site where the process is concted is called a sewage treatment plant. The flow scheme of a sewage treatment plant is generally the same for all countries:
Mechanical treatment;
Influx (Influent)
Removal of large objects
Removal of sand and grit
Pre-precipitation
Biological treatment;
Oxidation bed (oxidizing bed) or aeration system
Post precipitation
Effluent
Chemical treatment (this step is usually combined with settling and other processes to remove solids, such as filtration. The combination is referred to in the US as physical-chemical treatment.).
『玖』 要一篇中英双语论文 建筑给水排水
MECHANICAL PRELIMINARY DESIGN REPORT
STADIUM
1.给排水设计
饮用水和污水
1.Sanitary Design
Water and sewage water
.设计基础
- 甲方提供的设计任务书和市政管网综合图
- 建筑专业提供的条件图
- 国家现行的设计规范及有关规定设计简章
.Design bases
Design Brief and Municipal integrated network drawing offered by the client.
Condition drawings from architectural discipline.
Current national design codes and related stipulations
2. 给水系统
通过一根DN200的进水管将水引入.水表安装在进水管上,离红线1米处.供水管在红线内连成环路管网,并接到供应楼的消防水池和给排水水池.由环路管网向必需的室外消火栓和绿化带的喷淋器供水.
2. Water supply system
For water supply of this project, DN200 water intake pipes are led in. Water meters are installed on the intake pipes 1.0 m away from the red line. The water supply pipes are connected into loop networks in the red line and then led to the fire pool and sanitary water pool in the supply buildings respectively. Necessary number of outdoor hydrants and sprinklers for green area will be provided on the loop networks.
设计范围
包括红线内的饮用水,污水,雨水,建筑消防.
Design scope
Design scope of this project includes water, sewage water, rainwater, fire-protection in the building, and water and sewage water within the red line.
给排水水池与消防水池分开,容量为100m3 .体操馆供水管埋地敷设.
Sanitary water pool is separated from fire water pool, volume of sanitary water pool is 100m3. Water supply pipes for the stadium will be laid in the earth.
3.用水量标准
- 体育馆: 15升/顾客·日 K=2.0
- 宾馆: 150升/人·日 K=2.0
- 餐厅: 50升/顾客·日 K=2.0
- 工作人员: 25升/人·日 K=2.0
- 地面冲洗用水: 3升/m2日
- 冷却塔补水量:按用水量的2%计
- 未预见水量: 按日用水量20%计
- 消防用水:
消火栓:室内40升/秒,室外30升/秒,火灾延续时间为3小时;
自动喷洒按22升/秒,火灾延续时间为1小时
卷帘水幕用水0.5升/秒·米,火灾延续时间为3小时;
Water consumption standard
- Stadium: 15L/visitor·day K=2.0
- Hotel: 150L/visitor·day K=2.0
- Restaurant: 50L/customer·day K=2.0
- Staff 25L/person·day K=2.0
- Floor cleaning: 3L/m2·day
Make-up water for cooling tower: 2% of the
actual cold water consumption.
Unforeseen water consumption: 20% of the daily
water consumption.
Water for fire protection
Hydrant: 40L/s indoor, 30L/s outdoor, fire
ration time is 3h;
Sprinkler: 22L/s, fire ration time is 1h;
Drencher for rolling shutter: 0.5L/s·m, fire ration time is 3h;
在适当的位置设置饮用水机,在主进口为残障人设置两个饮用水机.为此饮用水系统安装循环泵.机房 设在地下室的水除了机房.当饮用水机不被使用时,应排空,以免水质腐败.
在客房和餐厅内设置电热水器,同时亦为热水供应设置循环泵.
在更衣间旁设置电热水器,为淋浴和洗盥供应热水.
为楼板清洁安装一定数量的水龙头.
Some suitable places are supplied with portable water drinking units, two drinking units for disable people are provided at main entrances, for this portable water system, circulating pumps are adopted, the equipment room is located in water treatment center in the basement. When there is no use, portable water will be drained completely to avoid deterioration.
Electric water heaters are installed in guest rooms and restaurant, also hot water circulating pumps will be provided for supplying hot water.
Electric water heaters are installed near the changing and clothing rooms for supplying hot water for shower and washing.
Certain number of water taps are installed for floor-cleaning.
4.用水量
最大日用水量:2.200m3/日
最大时用水量:220m3/时
Water consumption demand
Maximum daily water consumption: 2.200m3/day
Maximum hourly water consumption: 220m3/hour
却循环系统
冷却水循环系统采用机械循环系统.总冷却水用量为460m3/h.在供应楼顶设置三台超低噪音冷却塔(230 m3/h, 2x 115 m3/h).进水温度37Co,出水温度32Co .补充水量
9,6 m3/h.补充水由市政供水网直接提供.
Cooling water circulation system
There are cooling water circulation system in this project, cooling water for the refrigerators adopts mechanical circulation system. Total water consumption of cooling towers is 460m3/h. On roof of the supply building there are 3 ultra-low noise cooling towers (230 m3/h, 2x 115 m3/h), inlet temperature of 37Co, outlet temperature of 32Co, with make-up water of 9,6 m3/h. Make-up water of the cooling towers will be supplied directly by the municipal network.
在消防泵房内有消火栓泵(一个运行,一个备用),喷淋泵(一个运行,一个备用),卷帘雨淋泵(一个运行,一个备用).用于地下车库的泡沫喷淋设备,如报警阀,泡沫压缩罐,化学药剂泵安装在消防设备中心.30.0m3 消防水箱和消防稳压装置分别安装在车库的四面墙.
In the fire water pump room, there are hydrant pumps (one operation, one standby), sprinkler pumps (one operation, one standby) and rolling shutter drencher pumps (one operation, one standby).
Fire equipment, which are used for the foam sprinkler system in underground garage, such as fire alarm valves, foam concentrated tank and chemical dosing pump, etc. are provided in fire equipment centers. Four 30.0m3 fire water tanks and fire protection stabilized pressure devices are respectively located at four sides next to the garages.
消防用水
消火栓:室内按40升/秒,室外按30升/秒,火灾延续时间按3个小时计
自动喷洒按22升/秒,火灾延续时间按1小时计
卷帘水幕用水量 0.5升/秒·米,火灾延续时间按3个小时计
消火栓:室内,室外用水量皆为756m3;
自动喷洒用水量为79.2 m3;
卷帘水幕用水量为 270m3;
一次火灾用水量为1.861,2;
Water for fire protection
Water consumption standard for fire protection
Hydrant: 40L/s indoor, 30L/s outdoor, fire ration is 3h
Sprinkler: 22L/s, fire ration is 1h
Drencher for rolling shutter: 0.5L/s·m, fire ration is 3h
Water consumption for fire protection
Hydrant: indoor and outdoor water consumptions are 756m3 respectively
Sprinkler: 79.2 m3
Drencher for rolling shutter: 270m3
Water consumption for one fire: 1.105,2 m3
消火栓的布置
在整个建筑物内沿墙,沿柱,沿走廊,风塔上及楼梯附近设有必要数量的室内消火栓,消火栓间距小于30米.消火栓管网水平,竖向皆成环状布置,消火栓箱内配有DN65消火栓一支,25米衬胶水龙带一条,φ19毫米喷咀水枪一支,并配消防卷盘(DN25消火栓一支,30米胶管,φ9毫米喷咀水枪一支)且设有可直接启动消火栓泵的按钮;在室内消火栓箱下设有磷酸铵盐手提式灭火器箱.室内消火栓系统在室外设有三组水泵接合器.
Hydrant arrangement
Necessary number of hydrants are installed indoors along the wall, columns, corridors, and staircases, at intervals of less than 30m. Hydrant networks are connected as a loop both horizontally and vertically. Inside each hydrant box, a DN65 hydrant, a 25m long rubber lined hose, a water nozzle of φ19mm, hose reel (a DN25 hydrant, a 30m long rubber lined hose and a water nozzle ofφ9mm), and a direct starting button for the hydrant pump are provided.
Under each indoor hydrant box, a portable ammonium phosphate powder extinguisher box is installed. There are three sets of pump adopters being installed outdoors for the indoor hydrant system.
消防系统
防水泵房及消防水池
供水管DN200在红线内连成环路管网,管网上安装 一定数量的消火栓.两根DN200供水管分别引入供应楼内两个消防泵房内的消防水池.消防水池总容量不应小于4000m3, 每个为2.000m3.
Fire protection system
Water pump room and water pool for fire protection
The lead-in pipes (DN200) are connected as a loop inside the red line, on the loop, certain number of hydrants are installed.Two water supply pipes (DN200) are led into the fire water pools at each fire water pump room in supplybuilding. In consideration of the importance of the project, the volume of the fire water pools should be not less than 4000m3, each is 2.000m3.
自动喷淋系统
自动喷淋系统安装在全建筑范围,除了室外和高于10 米的房间.喷淋泵安装在地下的消防泵房内.报警阀设置在地下的消防泵房内和中间的消防设备中心内,水流显示器设在每个防火分区内.
Sprinkler system
Sprinkler systems will be provided inside the whole building except outside areas and roomshigher than 10m, with sprinkler pumps installed in the underground fire water pump rooms. Alarming valves installed in underground fire water pump rooms and four fire equipment centers in the middle, water flow indicators are installed by fire compartments.
除了安装一个封闭喷淋系统,将为地下车库设置一个泡沫喷淋系统.餐厅内安装93oC启动的自动喷淋头,但在其它房间,仅安装93oC启动的普通和快速反应自动喷淋头.三组泵接合器安装在室外.
Besides an enclosed sprinkler system, a foam sprinkler system composed of a proportioning mixer and a foam concentrated tank is provided for the underground garage. Sprinkler actuated at 93oC are provided in the restaurants, but in other rooms, only ordinary sprinklers and fast response sprinklers actuated at 68oC are provided.
Three sets of pump adaptors for this system will be installed outdoors.
排水系统
为排水系统设置污水主立管和特别垂直排气管.排气管与污水管在每层连接,污水排出体操馆.餐厅的污水首先在油脂分离池中处理,然后排入室外排水网.给排水污水将被在化粪池收集和处理,然后排入市政排水管网.化粪池在输送区旁.最大天排水量为870m3/天.
9. Drainage system
Main vertical sewage pipes and special vertical vent pipes are provided for the drainage system. The vent pipes are connected with sewage pipe at each floor; sewage water is drained out of stadium. Sewage water in the restaurants and garage are treated in the grease and oil separation tank, and then discharged into the outdoor drainage networks. Sanitary sewage water is collected and treated in the septic tank, then drained into the municipal drainage. The septic tanks are located besides the deliverycircle. Maximum daily drainage amount is 870m3/day.
卷帘水幕系统
地下车库设置有卷帘水幕系统.水幕泵安装在消防水泵房内,采用开式雨淋头,电动或手动控制.十组泵接合器安装在室外
Drencher system for rolling shutters
Rolling shutter protected by drenchers are provided for the underground garage, the drencher pumps are installed in the fire water pump rooms, open drencher heads are selected, and are controlled both by electrically and manually. Ten pump adapters will be installed outdoors for this system.
地下室内污水设有污水坑,废水设有废水坑,生活污水,废水经潜污泵提升排至室外排水管网,潜污泵的启停皆由磁性浮球控制器的控制.
地下汽车库废水设有废水坑,废水经潜污泵提升排至室外,经隔油池处理后排入室外雨水管网.
There are cesspits for sewage water and wastewater pits for wastewater in the basement, the sewage and wastewater is sucked up and drained to the outdoor drainage networks by submerged sewage pumps.
Operation of the pumps is controlled by the magnetic floating ball controllers.
Wastewater pits are provided for the underground garage, wastewater is sucked up and drained to outdoor oil separation tank by submerged sewage pumps, after treated, wastewater is drained to the outdoors rainwater networks.
在柴油发电机房,变配电房和通讯设备机房设低压二氧化碳气体灭火系统.
Low pressure CO2 extinguisher systems are provided in diesel generator rooms, transformer substations and telecommunication equipment rooms.
在本建筑内按"建筑灭火器配置设计规范"在每个消火栓箱下设手提式灭火器箱,箱内设有必要数量的磷酸铵盐手提式灭火器.
According to the Code for Design of Extinguisher Disposition in Buildings, portable fire extinguisher box, in which there are necessary number of portable ammonium phosphate powder extinguishers, will be installed under every hydrant box.
在每个消防电梯井底旁设有消防排水坑,废水经潜污泵提升排至室外.
Fire water drain pit is provided at side of bottom of each fire elevator well, waste water will be sucked up and drained out by the pumps.
雨水系统
雨水排水屋顶采用压力流排水.
雨水设计重现期按P=10年计算,降雨历时为5分钟,暴雨强度公式按Q=998.002(1+0.568lgP)/(t+1.983)0.465计算.
沿柱在屋面设置雨水沟.雨水通过雨水沟收集,然后进入雨水头和下排管,然后到室外雨水观察井.
10. Rainwater system
Pressurized drainage system is adopted for roof rainwater drainage system.
Here, return period P=10 years, rainfall ration is 5 minutes, stormwater amount is calculated by the following formula:
Q=998.002(1+0.568lgT)/(t+1.983)0.465
Rainwater gutters are provided on roof along columns, skylight. Rainwater is collected in the gutter, then to rainwater heads and downpipes, and to the outdoors rainwater inspection wells.
11.管材
- 生活给水管,冷却塔补水管采用铜管,氩弧焊接.
- 直饮水管采用不锈管.
- 消火栓管,冷却循环管,水幕管,水泵吸水管采用焊接钢管,焊接.
- 自动喷洒水管,雨淋水管采用热镀锌钢管,丝扣连接或卡压连接.
-二氧化碳管采用无缝钢管焊接.
- 地下车库泡沫喷淋水管采用不锈钢管,卡压连接.
Pipe material
Copper pipes connected by argon arc welding are adopted for the sanitary water pipes, make-up water pipes for cooling towers.
Stainless stell pipes are adopted for portable water pipes.
Welded steel pipes connected by welding are selected for hydrant pipes, cooling circulating pipes, drencher pipes, pump suction pipes.
Hot-galvanized steel pipes connected by threads or compression-seizing are selected for sprinkler and deluge sprinler pipes.
Seamless steel pipes connected by welding are selected for CO2 pipes.
Stainless steel pipes connected by pressed clamp is selected for the pipes of foam sprinklers in the underground garage.
当雨水两超出雨水沟设计量时,雨水可沿屋檐自由排放.雨水被收集,然后排入市政集水池.
When the amount of rainwater is more than the design value of the gutters, water is discharged naturally along the eaves. Rainwater is collected, and then drained to the municipal catch basins.
围绕体育馆的循环池将用于喷洒运动场和作为室外绿化带的储水池.
此池将作为一个循环过滤设施,可容水约7.500 m .
喷洒压力设备和其它必须的过滤设备安装在供应楼里.
The circular senic pool surround stadium will be used for spraying sportsfield and as reservoir for outdoor greening.
The pool will be used as a circular filtering facility and will be adopted with a water volume of about 7.500 m .
The spray water pressurizing equipment as well as further necessary filtering equipment will be adopted in the supply building.
2.0 制冷
2.0 Cooling
冷源:
空调冷负荷(估算):
本工程建筑面积共50.000平方米,包括观众区,休息室,更衣室,小会议室,餐厅,办公室和其它附属房.空调设计日峰值冷负荷为2.4MW,设计日总冷负荷为3 kW.
Refrigerating source
Cooling load of air conditioning system
Total floor area for this building is 50,000sqm, which includes spectator areas, lounges, Clothing and changing rooms small meeting rooms, restaurant, office and other auxiliary rooms. Designed dayly peak cooling load is 2,4MW, designed total dayly cooling load is 3kW.
每台1200kW制冷机配一台 流量为206m3/h离心泵.各配一台备用泵
一次泵采用压差旁路控制.
通过埋地敷管,向游泳体操馆供应冷冻水.
A centrifugal pump with a flow rate of 103m3/h is provided for each 1200kW chiller. One operation pump with a standby corresponds to one chiller.
Pressure difference branch control is adopted for primary pump
Via earth laid pipes from supply building to gymnasium chilled water supply will be deliverded.
冷源的选择:
根据建筑的实际情况,3台制冷机将安装在供应楼内的冷冻机房.设计容量为4800kW. 为了实现能量的效率化使用,设计方案为,1台制冷机的出力为总设计容量的50%.而另2 台.每台出力为总设计容量的25%.
冷冻水系统的主要设备包括3台电动制冷机,一级冷冻泵,二级冷冻泵,自动控制阀等等.冷冻水的供/回水温度为-7/ 12°C.
Selection of refrigerating source
According to the real condition of the building, 3 chillers are located in the refrigerating plant rooms in the supply building, designed capacity is 2400kW. For actuing in an energy efficient way one chiller about 50% of total capacity (1.200 kW) and two chillers with 25% of total (600 kW each)capacity each are adopted.
Main equipment of chilled water system includes 3 electrical chiller, primary cool water pump, secondary chilled water pump and automatic controlled valve, etc. supply/return temperature of the chiller is-7/ 12°C.
二次泵系统:根据使用功能,各制冷机房又分成不同的循环支路.
二次泵采用变频调速控制.根据负荷侧供回水管的压差,控制水泵的转速.
二次泵循环支路的管道采用异程式.
Secondary pump system:
Each refrigerating plant room is subdivided into different circulation branch loops according to use functions.
Variable-frequency speed-regulating control is adopted for secondary pumps. The rotating speed of a water pump is controlled according to the pressure difference between water supply and return pipes.
Direct return system is adopted for the pipes of circulating branch of secondary pumps
空调冷冻水系统
由于本工程占地面积大,功能复杂,有连续使用,也有间歇使用,为了达到运行灵活,节能的目的,空调冷冻水系统采用两管制二次泵系统.
Chilled water system
Due to the large occupied area of this project, the complicated functions and the combination of continuous utilization and intermittent utilization, in order to accomplish the purpose of flexible operation and energy saving, the chilled water system is of two-pipe secondary pump system.
管材:
水管采用焊接钢管及无缝钢管.
本工程的风管除土建风道外,均采用镀锌铁皮咬口制作.每节风管之间用法兰连接.
Pipe and ct materials
The water pipes adopt welded steel pipes and seamless steel pipes.
Air cts for this project are made of galvanized sheet steel by seaming except cts by civil construction. Air cts are connected together by flanges.
一次泵系统:
供应楼冷冻机房
2400kW制冷机配一台离心泵, 流量为412m3/h.配一台备用泵.
Primary pump system:
Chiller room supply building
A centrifugal pump with a flow rate of 412m3/h is provided for 1200kW chiller. One operation pump with a standby corresponds to one chiller.
保温材料:
空调供,回水管,冷凝水管采用酚醛管壳保温.
空调送,回风管以及处理后的新风管采用外贴铝箔的离心玻璃棉板保温.
- 管道穿防火墙的空隙处采用岩棉材料等非燃材料填充.
Thermal materials
phenolic pipes are adopted for thermal insulation of water supply and return pipes for air conditioning, as well as air-conditioning condensate pipes.
Aluminum foil faced glass fiber boards are adopted for thermal insulation of air-conditioning air supply and return cts as well as fresh air cts after chillers.
Non-flammable material will be selected to fill the interspace in the fire protection wall where the cts go through.
消声与隔振:
冷水机组,水泵等设备采用减振台座,弹簧减振器或橡胶减振垫减振降噪.
在空调机组,新风机组,通风机的进出口采用涂胶帆布软管连接.
- 水泵进出水管上采用可曲挠橡胶接头,使设备振动与配管隔离.
Noise rection and vibration isolation
Shock absorption bases, spring shock absorbers on rubber shock absorption pads are adopted for equipment, such as water chiller units, pumps, etc to rece vibration and lower noise.
Flexible rubber-coated canvas hoses are adopted far connections of inlets and outlets of air-conditioning units, fresh air handling units and ventilators.
Flexible rubber couplings are adopted for the water intake and delivery pipes of the pumps to isolate equipment vibration from their pipes.
3.0空调和通风系统
3.0 Air Conditioning and Ventilation Systems
方案设计范围
Scope of schematic design
空调设计
Air Conditioning Design
在体育馆内,一些区域设置空调系统.这些区域划分为:
西侧地下二层的贵宾休息室
东侧地下二层酒店门廊
地下一层的输送区,技术机房,运动员更衣间,医务服务,热身区,裁判区,健身中心,酒店大堂,会议室,厨房,特许区和贵宾大堂混合区.
首层的酒店大堂,酒店区,贵宾门廊,急救
In the stadium, in some ranges air conditioning systems are used. These ranges subdivide themselves as follows:
VIP – Lobby in West of levelel -2
Hotel lobby in the east of level –2
Delivary Circle, technical Plantrooms, Changingrooms for the athletes, Medical Service and warm up area, Judges Area, Fitness Center, Hotel Lobby, Conferenz, Kitchen and Concession, Vip lobby- Mixed Zone in level -1
Hotel lobby, Hotel area, Vip lobby, Vip Area, First aid in 0
『拾』 污水处理工艺中常用的名词术语及它们的英文缩写
给排水常用名词中英文对照
1、给水工程 water supply engineering 原水的取集和处理以及成品水输配的工程。
2、排水工程 sewerage ,wastewater engineering 收集、输送、处理和处置废水的工程。
3、给水系统 water supply system 给水的取水、输水、水质处理和配水等设施以一定方式组合成的总体。
4、排水系统 sewerage system 排水的收集、输送、水质处理和排放等设施以一定方式组合成的总体。
5、给水水源 water source 给水工程所取用的原水水体。
6、原水raw water 由水源地取来的原料水。
7、地表水surface water 存在于地壳表面，暴露于大气的水。
8、地下水ground water 存在于地壳岩石裂缝或工壤空隙中的水。
9、苦咸水(碱性水) brackish water ,alkaline water 碱度大于硬度的水，并含大量中性盐，PH值大于7。
10、淡水fresh water 含盐量小于500mg/L的水。
11、冷却水cooling water 用以降低被冷却对象温度的水。
12、废水 wastewater 居民活动过程中排出的水及径流雨水的总称。它包括生活污水、工业废水和初雨径流以及流入排水管渠的其它水。
13、污水sewage ,wastewater 受一定污染的来自生活和生产的排出水。
14、用水量 water consumption 用水对象实际使用的水量。
15、污水量 wastewater flow ,sewage flow 排水对象排入污水系统的水量。
16、用水定额 water flow norm 对不同的排水对象，在一定时期内制订相对合理的单位排水量的数值。
17、排水定额 wastewater flow norm 对不同的排水对象，在一定时期内制订相对合理的单位排水量的数值。
18、水质 water quality 在给水排水工程中，水的物理、化学、生物学等方面的性质。
19、渠道 channel ,conit 天然、人工开凿、整治或砌筑的输水通道。
20、泵站 pumping house 设置水泵机组、电气设备和管道、闸阀等的房屋。
21、泵站 pumping station 泵房及其配套设施的总称。
22、给水处理 water treatment 对不符合用不对象水质要求的水。进行水质改善的过程。
23、污水处理 sewage treatment ,wastewater treatment 为使污水达到排水某一水体或再次使用的水质要求，对其进行净化的过程。
24、废水处理 wastewater disposal 对废水的最终安排。一般将废水排入地表水体、排放土地和再次使用等。
25、格栅 bar screen 一种栅条形的隔污设备，用以拦截水中较大尺寸的漂浮物或其他杂物。
26、曝气 aeration 水与气体接触，进行溶氧或散除水中溶解性气体和挥发性物质的过程。
27、沉淀 sedimentation 利用重力沉降作用去除水中杂物的过程。
28、澄清 clarification 通过与高浓度沉渣层的接触而去除水中杂物的过程。
29、过滤filtration 借助粒状材料或多孔介质截除水中质物的过程。
30、离子交换法 ion exchange 采用离子交换剂去除水中某些盐类离子的过程。
31、氯化 chlorination 在水中投氯或含氯氧化物方法消灭病原体的过程。
32、余氯 resial chlorine 水中投氯，经一定时间接触后，在水中余留的游离性氯和结合性氯的总和。
33、游离性余氯 free resial chlorine 水中以次氯酸和次氯酸盐形态存在的余氯。
34、结合性余氯 combinative resial chlorine 水中以二氯胺和一氯胺形态存在的余氯。
35、污泥 sludge 在水处理过程中产生的，以及排水管渠中沉积的固体与水的混合物或胶体物。
36、污泥处理 sludge treatment 对污泥的最终安排。一般将污泥作农肥、制作建筑材料、填埋和投弃等。
37、水头损失 head loss 水流通过管渠、设备和构筑物等所引起的能量消耗。
给水工程中系统和水量方面的术语
1、直流水系统 once through system 水经过一次使用后即行排放或处理后排放的给水系统。
2、复用水系统 water reuse system 水经重复利用后再行排放或处理后排放的给水系统。
3、循环水系统 recirculation system 水经使用后不予排放而循环利用或处理后循环利用的给水系统。
4、生活用水 domestic water 人类日常生活所需用的水。
5、生产用水 process water 生产过程所需用的水。
6、消防用水 fire demand 扑灭火灾所需用的水。
7、浇洒道路用水 street flushing demand ,road watering 对城镇道路进行保养、清洗、降温和消尘等所需用水。
8、绿化用水 green belt sprinkling ,green plot sprinkling 对市政绿地等所需用的水。
给水工程取水构筑物的术语
1、管井 deep well ,drilled well 井管从地面打到含水层，抽取地下水的井。
2、管井滤水管 deep well screen 设置在管井动水位以下，用以从含水层中集水的有缝隙或孔隙的管段。
3、管井沉淀管 grit compartment 位于管井最下部，用以容纳进入井内的沙粒和从水中析出的沉淀物的管段。
4、大口井 g well ,open well 由人工开挖或沉井法施工，设置井筒，以截取浅层地下水的构筑物。
5、井群 batter of wells 数个井组成的群体。
6、渗渠 infiltration gallery 壁上开孔，以集取浅层地下水的水平管渠。
7、地下水取水构筑物反滤层 inverted layer 在大口井或渗渠进水处铺设的粒径沿水流方向由细到粗的级配砾层(简称反滤层)
8、泉室 spring chamber 集取泉水的构筑物。
9、进水间 intake chamber 连接取水管与吸水井、内设格栅或格网的构筑物。
10、格网 screen 一种网状的用以拦截水中较大尺寸的漂浮物、水生动物或其他污染物的拦污设备。其网眼尺寸较格栅为小。
11、吸水井 suction well 为水泵吸水管专门设置的构筑物。
给水工程中净水构筑物的术语
1、净水构筑物 purification structure 以去除水中悬浮固体和胶体杂质等为主要目的的构筑物的总称。
2、投药 chemical dosing 为进行水处理而向水中加一定剂量的化学药剂的过程。
3、混合 mixing 使投入的药剂迅速均匀地扩散于被处理水中以创造良好的凝聚反应条件的过程。
4、凝聚 coagulation 为了消除胶体颗粒间的排斥力或破坏其亲水性，使颗粒易于相互接触而吸附的过程。
5、絮凝 flocculation A、完成凝聚的胶体在一定的外力扰动下相互碰撞、聚集以形成较大絮状颗粒的过程。曾用名反应。 B、高分子絮凝剂在悬浮固体和胶体杂质之间吸附架桥的过程。
6、自然沉淀 plain sedimentation 不加注任何凝聚剂的沉淀过程。
7、凝聚沉淀 coagulation sedimentation 加注凝聚剂的沉淀过程。
8、凝聚剂 coagulant 在凝聚过程中所投加的药剂的统称。
9、助凝剂 coagulant aid 在水的沉淀、澄清过程中，为改善絮凝效果，另设加的辅助药剂。
10、药剂固定储备量 standby reserve 为考虑非正常原因导致药剂供应中断，而在药剂仓库内设置的在一般情况下不准动用的储备量。简称固定储备量。
11、药剂周转储备量 current reserve 考虑药剂消耗与供应时间之间差异所需的储备量。简称周转储备量。
12、沉沙池(沉砂池)desilting basin ,grit chamber 去除水中自重很大、能自然沉降的较大粒径沙粒或杂粒的水池。
13、预沉池 pre-sedimentation tank 原水中泥沙颗粒较大或浓度较高时，在进行凝聚沉淀处理前设置的沉淀池。
14、平流沉淀池 horizontal flow sedimentation tank 水沿水平方向流动的沉淀池。
15、异向流斜管 (或斜板)沉淀池 tube(plate)settler 池内设置斜管(或斜板)，水自下而上经斜管(或斜板)进行沉淀，沉泥沿斜管(或斜板)向下滑动的沉淀的池。
16、同向流斜板沉淀池lamella 池内设置斜板，沉淀过程在斜板内进行，水流与沉泥均沿斜板向下流动的沉淀池。
17、机械搅拌澄清池 accelerator 利用机械使水提升和搅拌，促使泥渣循环，并使原水中固体杂质与己形成的泥渣接触絮凝而分离沉淀的水池。
18、水力循环澄清池 circulator clarifier 利用水力使水提升，促使泥渣循环，并使原水中固体杂质与己形成的泥渣接触絮凝而分离沉淀的水池。
19、脉冲澄清池 pulsator 悬浮层不断产生固周期性的压缩和膨胀，促使原水中固体杂质与己形成的泥渣进行接触凝聚页分离沉淀的水池。
20、悬浮澄清池 sludge blanket clarifier 加药后的原水由上通过处于悬浮状态的泥渣层，使水中杂质与泥渣悬浮层的颗粒碰撞凝聚而分离沉淀的水池。
21、液面负荷 surface load 在沉淀池、澄清池等沉淀构筑物的净化部分中，单位液(水)面积所负担的出水流量。其计量单位通常以m3/(m2.h)表示。
22、气浮池 floatation tank 运用絮凝和浮选原理使液体中的杂质分离上浮而去除的池子。
23、气浮溶气罐 dissolved air vessel 在气浮工艺中，水与空气在有压条件下相互溶合的密闭容器。简称溶气罐。
24、清水池 clear-water reservoir 为贮存水厂中净化后的清水，以调节水厂制水量与供水量之间的差额，并为满足加氯接触时间而设置的水池。
给水工程中输配水管网的术语
1、配水管网 distribution system ，pipe system 将水送到分配管网以至用户的管系。
2、环状管网pipe network 配水管网的一种置形式，管道纵横相互接通，形成环状。
3、枝状管网 branch system 配水管网的一种布置形式，干管和支管分明，形成树枝状。
4、水管支墩 buttress ,anchorage 为防止由管内水压引起的水管配件接头移位而造成漏水，需在水管干线适当部位砌筑的墩座。简称支墩。
排水工程中排水制度和管渠附属构筑物的术语及其涵义
1、排水制度 sewer system 在一个地区内收集和输送废水的方式。它有合流制和分流制两种基本方式。
2、合流制 combined system 用同一种管渠分别收集和输送废水的排水的方式。
3、分流制 separate system 用不同管渠分别收集和输送各种污水、雨水和生产废水的排水的方式。
4、检查井 manhole 排水管渠上连接其他管渠以及供养护工人检查、清通和出入管渠的构筑物。
5、跌水井 drop manhole 上下游管底跌差较大的检查井。
6、事故排出口 emergency outlet 在排水系统发生故障时，把废水临时排放到天然水体或其它地点去的设施。
7、曝雨溢流井 (截留井)storm overflow well ,intercepting well 合流制排水系统中，用来截留、控制合流水量的构筑物
排水工程中水和水处理的术语及其涵义
1、生活污水 domestic sewage ,domestic wastewater 居民中日常生活中排出的废水。
2、工业废水 instrial wastewater 生产过程中排出的水。它包括生产废水和生产污水。
3、生产污水polluted instrial wastewater 被污染的工业废水。还包括水温过高，排入后造成热污染的工业废水。
4、生产废水 non-polluted instrial wastewater 未受污染或受轻微污染以及水温稍有升高的工业废水。
5、城市污水 municipal sewage ,municipal wastewater 排入城镇污水系统的污水的统称。在合流制排水系统中，还包括生产废水和截留的雨水。
6、旱流污水 dry weather flow 合流制排水系统在晴天时输送的污水。
7、水体自净 self-purification of water bodies 河流等水体在自然条件的生化作用下，有机物降解，溶解氧回升和水体生物群逐渐恢复正常的过程。
8、一级处理 primary treatment 去除污水中的漂浮物和悬浮物的净化过程，主要为沉淀。
9、二级处理 secondary treatment 污水经一级处理后，用生物处理方法继续除去污水不胶体和溶解性有机物的净化过程。
10、生物处理 biological treatment 利用微生物的作用，使污水中不稳定有机物降解和稳定的过程。
11、活性污泥法 activated sludge process 污水生物处理的一种方法。该法是在人工充氧条件下，对污水和各微生物群体进行连续混和培养，形成活性污泥。利用活性污泥的生物凝聚、吸附和氧化作用，以分解去除污水中的有机污染物。然后使污泥与水分离，大部分污泥再回流到曝气池，多余部分则排出活性污泥系统。
12、生物膜法 biomembrance process 污水生物处理的一种方法。该法采用各种不同载体，通过污水与载体的不断接触，在载体上繁殖生物膜，利用膜的生物吸附和氧化作用，以降解去除污水中的有机污染物，脱落下来的生物膜与水进行分离。
13、双层沉淀池(隐化池) Imhoff tank 由上层沉淀槽和下层污泥消化室组成。
14、初次沉淀池 primary sedimentation tank 污水处理中第一次沉淀的构筑物，主要用以降低污水中的悬浮固体浓度。
15、二次沉淀池 secondary sedimentation tank 污水生物处理出水的沉淀构筑物，用以分离其中的污泥。
16、生物滤池 biological filter ,trickling filter 由碎石或塑料制品填料构成的生物处理构筑物。污水与填料表面上生长的微生物膜间歇接触，使污水得到净化。
17、生物接触氧化 bio-contact oxidation 由浸没在污水中的填料和人工曝气系统构成的生物处理工艺。在有氧的条件下，污水与填表面的生物膜反复接触，使污水获得净化。
18、曝气池 aeration tank 利用活性污泥法进行污水生物处理的构筑物。池内提供一定污水停留时间，满足好氧微生物所需的氧量以及污水与活性污泥充分接触的混合条件。
排水工程中污泥和污泥处理的术语及其涵义
1、原污泥 raw sludge 未经污泥处理的初沉污泥、二沉剩余污或两者的混合污泥。
2、初沉污泥 primary sludge 从初次沉淀池排出的沉淀物。
3、二沉污泥 secondary sludge 从二次沉淀池排出的沉淀物。
4、活性污泥 activated sludge 曝气池中繁殖的含有各种好氧微生物群体的絮状体。
5、消化污泥 digested sludge 经过好氧消化或厌氧消化的污泥，所含有机物质浓度有一定程度的降低，并趋于稳定。
6、回流污泥 returned sludge 由于次沉淀池(或沉淀区)分离出来，回流到曝气池的活性污泥。
7、剩余污泥 excess activated sludge 活性污泥系统中从二次沉淀池(或沉淀区)排出系统外的活性污泥。
8、污泥气 sludge gas 在污泥厌氧消化时，有机物分解所产生的气体。主要成分为甲烷和二氧化碳，并有少量的氢、氮和硫化氢。俗称沼气。
9、污泥消化 sludge digestion 在有氧或无氧条件下，利用微生物的作用，使污泥中有机物转化为较稳定物质的过程。
10、好氧消化 aerobic digestion 污泥经过较长时间的曝气，其中一部分有机物由好氧微生物进一步降解和稳定的过程。
11、厌氧消化 anaerobic digestion 在无氧条件下，污泥中的有机物由厌氧微生物进行降解和稳定的过程。
12、中温消化 mesophilic digestion 污泥在温度为33℃－35℃时进行的厌氧消化工艺。
13、高温消化 thermophilic digestion 污泥在温度为53℃－55℃时进行的厌氧消化工艺。
14、污泥浓缩 sludge thickening 采用重力或气浮法降低污泥含水量，使污泥稠化的过程。
15、污泥淘洗 elutriation of sludge 改善污泥脱水能的一种污泥预处理方法。用清水或废水淘洗污泥，降低水化污泥碱度，节省污泥处理投药量，提高污滤脱水效率。
16、污泥脱水 sludge dewatering 对浓缩污泥进一步去除一部分含水量的过程，一般指机械脱水。
17、污泥真空过滤 sludge vacuum filtration 利用真空使过滤介质一侧减压，介质的污泥脱水方法。
18、污泥压滤 sludge pressure filtration 采用正压过滤，使污泥水强制滤过介质的污泥脱水方法。
19、污泥干化 sludge drying 通过渗滤或蒸发等作用，从污泥中去除大部分含水量的过程，一般指采用污泥干化场(床)等自然蒸发设施。
20、污泥焚烧 sludge incineration 污泥处理的一种工艺。它利用焚烧炉将脱水污泥加温干燥，再用高温氧化污泥中的有机物，使污泥成为少量灰烬。
排水工程中物理量的术语及其涵义
1、生化需氧量 biochmical oxygen demand 水样在一定条件下，于一定期间内(一般采用5日、20℃)进行需氧化所消耗的溶解氧量。英文简称BOD。
2、化学需氧量 chemical oxygen demand 水样中可氧化物从氧化剂重铬酸钾中所吸收的氧量。英文简称COD。
3、耗氧量 oxygen consumption 水样中氧化物从氧化剂高锰酸钾所吸收的氧量。英文简称OC或CODMn 。
4、悬浮固体 suspended solid 水中呈悬浮状态的固体，一般指用滤纸过滤水样，将滤后截留物在105℃温度中干燥恒重后的固体重量。英文简称SS