『壹』 關於環保的英語
全球環保類熱門話題英語詞彙：
21世紀議程：Agenda 21
世界環境日（6月日）：World Environment Day (June 5th each year)
世界環境日主題：World Environment Day Themes
冰川消融，後果堪憂！（2007年）Melting Ice–a Hot Topic!
莫使旱地變荒漠！（2006年）Deserts and Desertification–Don't Desert Drylands!
營造綠色城市，呵護地球家園！（2005年）Green Cities – Plan for the Planet!
海洋存亡，匹夫有責！（2004年）Wanted! Seas and Oceans – Dead or Alive!
水——二十億人生命之所系！（2003年）Water - Two Billion People are Dying for It!
讓地球充滿生機！（2002年）Give Earth a Chance!
世間萬物生命之網！（2001年）Connect with the World Wide Web of life!
環境千年-行動起來吧！（2000年）The Environment Millennium - Time to Act!
拯救地球就是拯救未來！（1999年）Our Earth - Our Future - Just Save It!
為了地球上的生命-拯救我們的海洋！（1998年) For Life on Earth - Save Our Seas!
為了地球上的生命！（1997）For Life on Earth
我們的地球、居住地、家園：（1996）Our Earth, Our Habitat, Our Home
國際生物多樣性日（12月29日）：International Biodiversity Day (29 December)
世界水日（3月22日）：World Water Day (22 March)
世界氣象日（3月23日）：World Meteorological Day (23 March)
世界海洋日（6月8日）：World Oceans Day (8 June)
植樹節（3月12日）：Arbor Day (12 March)
面臨的環境保護問題及污染問題英文詞彙：
廢水：waste/polluted water
廢氣：waste/polluted gas
廢渣：resie
工業固體廢物：instrial solid wastes
白色污染：white pollution (by using and littering of non-degradable white plastics)
有機污染物：organic pollutants
森林砍伐率：rate of deforestation
水土流失：water and soil erosion
土壤鹽鹼化：soil alkalization
瀕危野生動物：endangered wildlife
環境惡化：environmental degradation
城市化失控：uncontrolled urbanization
溫室效應：greenhouse effect
全球變暖：global warming
環保問題拯救措施及污染治理相關英語口譯詞彙：
中國環保基本政策：the basic policies of China's environmental protection
預防為主、防治結合的政策：policy of of prevention in the first place and integrating prevention with control
治理環境污染：curb environmental pollution; bring the pollution under control
可降解一次性塑料袋：throwaway bio-degradable plastics bags
垃圾填埋場：refuse landfill
垃圾焚化場：refuse incinerator
防止過度利用森林：protest forests from overexploitation
水土保持：conservation of water and soil
水資源保護區：water resource conservation zone
造林工程：afforestation project
珍稀瀕危物種繁育基地：rare and endangered species breeding center
綠化祖國：turn the country green
全民義務植樹日：National Tree-Planting Day
森林覆蓋率：forest coverage
防風林：wind breaks
防沙林：sand breaks
速生林：fast-growing trees
降低資源消耗率：slow down the rate of resource degradation
開發可再生資源：develop renewable resources
環保產品：environment-friendly procts
自然保護區：nature reserve
『貳』 廢水的英文單詞怎麼拼
你好!
廢水
Waste water
『叄』 「污水坑」是什麼意思
這是吉兆，說明你的孩子或者你會有好運。當然，另外的可能是你目前過分焦慮孩子的某種情況，反映在夢里的表現。無論如何，這個夢兆說明你的擔憂是不必要的。
『肆』 凈水器的廢水比用英語怎麼說
凈水器的廢水比
英文翻譯
Water purifier wastewater
『伍』 廢水英文怎麼說啊
在環境工程中，「廢水」特指市政廢水，其中主要是生活廢水，用「sweage」。「污水」特指工業排放的污水，用「effluent」
『陸』 英文翻譯 Water problems in the future...
「水問題將變得更加強烈和未來變得更為復雜。我們的人口增長將極大的提高專城市的浪費屬,主要污水。另一方面,會減少對水的需求日益增長的水量大幅可供沖淡廢物。迅速發展的行業涉及越來越復雜的化學過程會產生較大的大量的液體垃圾、並且許多這些將包含化學物質是有毒的。滿足我們對迅速擴張的人口、農業將愈演愈烈。這將涉及不斷增加的數量的化學農葯。從這個,很明顯,極端措施必須馬上採取糾正措施發展污染問題。
有兩種方法,污染問題可以減少了。第一個關繫到廢物運送到的治療降低它們的污染危害。這涉及到固體廢物的處理之前「處置及治療的液體廢物或者廢水,允許的復用水或減少污染在最終處理。
第二個方法是開發一個經濟使用全部或部分的廢物。農業肥料領域,有傳播營養或有機補充。廢水從污水處理植物是用在一些地區的灌溉與兩種營養的火勢已得到控制。從其他污水處理廠也可以用作補充的水源。許多產業的發展,諸如肉類和家禽加工廠,目前轉換前廢物轉化為可以在市場上交易的副產品。其他產業經濟的潛在用途開發他們的排泄物產品。」
『柒』 廢水的英文（一個單詞的）
effluents/書面一些
sewage
drainage
都可以
『捌』 求一篇關於廢水處理的英文文章
Raw Influent (Sewage) is the liquid waste from toilets, baths, showers, kitchens, sinks etc. Household waste that is disposed of via sewers. In many areas sewage also includes some liquid waste from instry and commerce. In the UK, the waste from toilets is termed foul waste, the waste from items such as basins, baths, kitchens is termed sullage water, and the instrial and commercial waste is termed trade waste.
The division of household water drains into greywater and blackwater is becoming more common in the developed world, with greywater being permitted to be used for watering plants or recycled for flushing toilets. A lot of sewage also includes some surface water from roofs or hard-standing areas. Municipal wastewater therefore includes residential, commercial, and instrial liquid waste discharges, and may include stormwater runoff. Sewage systems capable of handling stormwater are known as combined systems. Such systems are usually avoided since they complicate and thereby rece the efficiency of sewage treatment plants owing to their seasonality. In addition, heavy storms may overwhelm the sewage treatment system, causing a spill or overflow. It is preferable to have a separate storm drain system for stormwater.
The construction of combined sewers is a less common practice in the United States and Canada than in the past and is no longer accepted within building regulations in the UK and other European countries. Instead, liquid waste and stormwater are collected and conveyed in separate sewer systems, referred to as sanitary sewers and storm sewers in the U.S. and as foul sewers and surface water sewers in the UK. Overflows from foul sewers designed to relieve pressure from heavy rainfall are termed storm sewers or combined sewer overflows.
As rainfall runs over the surface of roofs and the ground, it may pick up various contaminants including soil particles, (sediment), heavy metals, organic compounds, animal waste, and oil and grease. Some jurisdictions require stormwater to receive some level of treatment before being discharged directly into waterways. Examples of treatment processes used for stormwater include sedimentation basins, wetlands, and vortex separators (to remove coarse solids).
The site where the process is concted is called a sewage treatment plant. The flow scheme of a sewage treatment plant is generally the same for all countries:
Mechanical treatment;
Influx (Influent)
Removal of large objects
Removal of sand and grit
Pre-precipitation
Biological treatment;
Oxidation bed (oxidizing bed) or aeration system
Post precipitation
Effluent
Chemical treatment (this step is usually combined with settling and other processes to remove solids, such as filtration. The combination is referred to in the US as physical-chemical treatment.).
『玖』 要一篇中英雙語論文 建築給水排水
MECHANICAL PRELIMINARY DESIGN REPORT
STADIUM
1.給排水設計
飲用水和污水
1.Sanitary Design
Water and sewage water
.設計基礎
- 甲方提供的設計任務書和市政管網綜合圖
- 建築專業提供的條件圖
- 國家現行的設計規范及有關規定設計簡章
.Design bases
Design Brief and Municipal integrated network drawing offered by the client.
Condition drawings from architectural discipline.
Current national design codes and related stipulations
2. 給水系統
通過一根DN200的進水管將水引入.水表安裝在進水管上,離紅線1米處.供水管在紅線內連成環路管網,並接到供應樓的消防水池和給排水水池.由環路管網向必需的室外消火栓和綠化帶的噴淋器供水.
2. Water supply system
For water supply of this project, DN200 water intake pipes are led in. Water meters are installed on the intake pipes 1.0 m away from the red line. The water supply pipes are connected into loop networks in the red line and then led to the fire pool and sanitary water pool in the supply buildings respectively. Necessary number of outdoor hydrants and sprinklers for green area will be provided on the loop networks.
設計范圍
包括紅線內的飲用水,污水,雨水,建築消防.
Design scope
Design scope of this project includes water, sewage water, rainwater, fire-protection in the building, and water and sewage water within the red line.
給排水水池與消防水池分開,容量為100m3 .體操館供水管埋地敷設.
Sanitary water pool is separated from fire water pool, volume of sanitary water pool is 100m3. Water supply pipes for the stadium will be laid in the earth.
3.用水量標准
- 體育館: 15升/顧客·日 K=2.0
- 賓館: 150升/人·日 K=2.0
- 餐廳: 50升/顧客·日 K=2.0
- 工作人員: 25升/人·日 K=2.0
- 地面沖洗用水: 3升/m2日
- 冷卻塔補水量:按用水量的2%計
- 未預見水量: 按日用水量20%計
- 消防用水:
消火栓:室內40升/秒,室外30升/秒,火災延續時間為3小時;
自動噴灑按22升/秒,火災延續時間為1小時
卷簾水幕用水0.5升/秒·米,火災延續時間為3小時;
Water consumption standard
- Stadium: 15L/visitor·day K=2.0
- Hotel: 150L/visitor·day K=2.0
- Restaurant: 50L/customer·day K=2.0
- Staff 25L/person·day K=2.0
- Floor cleaning: 3L/m2·day
Make-up water for cooling tower: 2% of the
actual cold water consumption.
Unforeseen water consumption: 20% of the daily
water consumption.
Water for fire protection
Hydrant: 40L/s indoor, 30L/s outdoor, fire
ration time is 3h;
Sprinkler: 22L/s, fire ration time is 1h;
Drencher for rolling shutter: 0.5L/s·m, fire ration time is 3h;
在適當的位置設置飲用水機,在主進口為殘障人設置兩個飲用水機.為此飲用水系統安裝循環泵.機房 設在地下室的水除了機房.當飲用水機不被使用時,應排空,以免水質腐敗.
在客房和餐廳內設置電熱水器,同時亦為熱水供應設置循環泵.
在更衣間旁設置電熱水器,為淋浴和洗盥供應熱水.
為樓板清潔安裝一定數量的水龍頭.
Some suitable places are supplied with portable water drinking units, two drinking units for disable people are provided at main entrances, for this portable water system, circulating pumps are adopted, the equipment room is located in water treatment center in the basement. When there is no use, portable water will be drained completely to avoid deterioration.
Electric water heaters are installed in guest rooms and restaurant, also hot water circulating pumps will be provided for supplying hot water.
Electric water heaters are installed near the changing and clothing rooms for supplying hot water for shower and washing.
Certain number of water taps are installed for floor-cleaning.
4.用水量
最大日用水量:2.200m3/日
最大時用水量:220m3/時
Water consumption demand
Maximum daily water consumption: 2.200m3/day
Maximum hourly water consumption: 220m3/hour
卻循環系統
冷卻水循環系統採用機械循環系統.總冷卻水用量為460m3/h.在供應樓頂設置三台超低噪音冷卻塔(230 m3/h, 2x 115 m3/h).進水溫度37Co,出水溫度32Co .補充水量
9,6 m3/h.補充水由市政供水網直接提供.
Cooling water circulation system
There are cooling water circulation system in this project, cooling water for the refrigerators adopts mechanical circulation system. Total water consumption of cooling towers is 460m3/h. On roof of the supply building there are 3 ultra-low noise cooling towers (230 m3/h, 2x 115 m3/h), inlet temperature of 37Co, outlet temperature of 32Co, with make-up water of 9,6 m3/h. Make-up water of the cooling towers will be supplied directly by the municipal network.
在消防泵房內有消火栓泵(一個運行,一個備用),噴淋泵(一個運行,一個備用),卷簾雨淋泵(一個運行,一個備用).用於地下車庫的泡沫噴淋設備,如報警閥,泡沫壓縮罐,化學葯劑泵安裝在消防設備中心.30.0m3 消防水箱和消防穩壓裝置分別安裝在車庫的四面牆.
In the fire water pump room, there are hydrant pumps (one operation, one standby), sprinkler pumps (one operation, one standby) and rolling shutter drencher pumps (one operation, one standby).
Fire equipment, which are used for the foam sprinkler system in underground garage, such as fire alarm valves, foam concentrated tank and chemical dosing pump, etc. are provided in fire equipment centers. Four 30.0m3 fire water tanks and fire protection stabilized pressure devices are respectively located at four sides next to the garages.
消防用水
消火栓:室內按40升/秒,室外按30升/秒,火災延續時間按3個小時計
自動噴灑按22升/秒,火災延續時間按1小時計
卷簾水幕用水量 0.5升/秒·米,火災延續時間按3個小時計
消火栓:室內,室外用水量皆為756m3;
自動噴灑用水量為79.2 m3;
卷簾水幕用水量為 270m3;
一次火災用水量為1.861,2;
Water for fire protection
Water consumption standard for fire protection
Hydrant: 40L/s indoor, 30L/s outdoor, fire ration is 3h
Sprinkler: 22L/s, fire ration is 1h
Drencher for rolling shutter: 0.5L/s·m, fire ration is 3h
Water consumption for fire protection
Hydrant: indoor and outdoor water consumptions are 756m3 respectively
Sprinkler: 79.2 m3
Drencher for rolling shutter: 270m3
Water consumption for one fire: 1.105,2 m3
消火栓的布置
在整個建築物內沿牆,沿柱,沿走廊,風塔上及樓梯附近設有必要數量的室內消火栓,消火栓間距小於30米.消火栓管網水平,豎向皆成環狀布置,消火栓箱內配有DN65消火栓一支,25米襯膠水龍帶一條,φ19毫米噴咀水槍一支,並配消防卷盤(DN25消火栓一支,30米膠管,φ9毫米噴咀水槍一支)且設有可直接啟動消火栓泵的按鈕;在室內消火栓箱下設有磷酸銨鹽手提式滅火器箱.室內消火栓系統在室外設有三組水泵接合器.
Hydrant arrangement
Necessary number of hydrants are installed indoors along the wall, columns, corridors, and staircases, at intervals of less than 30m. Hydrant networks are connected as a loop both horizontally and vertically. Inside each hydrant box, a DN65 hydrant, a 25m long rubber lined hose, a water nozzle of φ19mm, hose reel (a DN25 hydrant, a 30m long rubber lined hose and a water nozzle ofφ9mm), and a direct starting button for the hydrant pump are provided.
Under each indoor hydrant box, a portable ammonium phosphate powder extinguisher box is installed. There are three sets of pump adopters being installed outdoors for the indoor hydrant system.
消防系統
防水泵房及消防水池
供水管DN200在紅線內連成環路管網,管網上安裝 一定數量的消火栓.兩根DN200供水管分別引入供應樓內兩個消防泵房內的消防水池.消防水池總容量不應小於4000m3, 每個為2.000m3.
Fire protection system
Water pump room and water pool for fire protection
The lead-in pipes (DN200) are connected as a loop inside the red line, on the loop, certain number of hydrants are installed.Two water supply pipes (DN200) are led into the fire water pools at each fire water pump room in supplybuilding. In consideration of the importance of the project, the volume of the fire water pools should be not less than 4000m3, each is 2.000m3.
自動噴淋系統
自動噴淋系統安裝在全建築范圍,除了室外和高於10 米的房間.噴淋泵安裝在地下的消防泵房內.報警閥設置在地下的消防泵房內和中間的消防設備中心內,水流顯示器設在每個防火分區內.
Sprinkler system
Sprinkler systems will be provided inside the whole building except outside areas and roomshigher than 10m, with sprinkler pumps installed in the underground fire water pump rooms. Alarming valves installed in underground fire water pump rooms and four fire equipment centers in the middle, water flow indicators are installed by fire compartments.
除了安裝一個封閉噴淋系統,將為地下車庫設置一個泡沫噴淋系統.餐廳內安裝93oC啟動的自動噴淋頭,但在其它房間,僅安裝93oC啟動的普通和快速反應自動噴淋頭.三組泵接合器安裝在室外.
Besides an enclosed sprinkler system, a foam sprinkler system composed of a proportioning mixer and a foam concentrated tank is provided for the underground garage. Sprinkler actuated at 93oC are provided in the restaurants, but in other rooms, only ordinary sprinklers and fast response sprinklers actuated at 68oC are provided.
Three sets of pump adaptors for this system will be installed outdoors.
排水系統
為排水系統設置污水主立管和特別垂直排氣管.排氣管與污水管在每層連接,污水排出體操館.餐廳的污水首先在油脂分離池中處理,然後排入室外排水網.給排水污水將被在化糞池收集和處理,然後排入市政排水管網.化糞池在輸送區旁.最大天排水量為870m3/天.
9. Drainage system
Main vertical sewage pipes and special vertical vent pipes are provided for the drainage system. The vent pipes are connected with sewage pipe at each floor; sewage water is drained out of stadium. Sewage water in the restaurants and garage are treated in the grease and oil separation tank, and then discharged into the outdoor drainage networks. Sanitary sewage water is collected and treated in the septic tank, then drained into the municipal drainage. The septic tanks are located besides the deliverycircle. Maximum daily drainage amount is 870m3/day.
卷簾水幕系統
地下車庫設置有卷簾水幕系統.水幕泵安裝在消防水泵房內,採用開式雨淋頭,電動或手動控制.十組泵接合器安裝在室外
Drencher system for rolling shutters
Rolling shutter protected by drenchers are provided for the underground garage, the drencher pumps are installed in the fire water pump rooms, open drencher heads are selected, and are controlled both by electrically and manually. Ten pump adapters will be installed outdoors for this system.
地下室內污水設有污水坑,廢水設有廢水坑,生活污水,廢水經潛污泵提升排至室外排水管網,潛污泵的啟停皆由磁性浮球控制器的控制.
地下汽車庫廢水設有廢水坑,廢水經潛污泵提升排至室外,經隔油池處理後排入室外雨水管網.
There are cesspits for sewage water and wastewater pits for wastewater in the basement, the sewage and wastewater is sucked up and drained to the outdoor drainage networks by submerged sewage pumps.
Operation of the pumps is controlled by the magnetic floating ball controllers.
Wastewater pits are provided for the underground garage, wastewater is sucked up and drained to outdoor oil separation tank by submerged sewage pumps, after treated, wastewater is drained to the outdoors rainwater networks.
在柴油發電機房,變配電房和通訊設備機房設低壓二氧化碳氣體滅火系統.
Low pressure CO2 extinguisher systems are provided in diesel generator rooms, transformer substations and telecommunication equipment rooms.
在本建築內按"建築滅火器配置設計規范"在每個消火栓箱下設手提式滅火器箱,箱內設有必要數量的磷酸銨鹽手提式滅火器.
According to the Code for Design of Extinguisher Disposition in Buildings, portable fire extinguisher box, in which there are necessary number of portable ammonium phosphate powder extinguishers, will be installed under every hydrant box.
在每個消防電梯井底旁設有消防排水坑,廢水經潛污泵提升排至室外.
Fire water drain pit is provided at side of bottom of each fire elevator well, waste water will be sucked up and drained out by the pumps.
雨水系統
雨水排水屋頂採用壓力流排水.
雨水設計重現期按P=10年計算,降雨歷時為5分鍾,暴雨強度公式按Q=998.002(1+0.568lgP)/(t+1.983)0.465計算.
沿柱在屋面設置雨水溝.雨水通過雨水溝收集,然後進入雨水頭和下排管,然後到室外雨水觀察井.
10. Rainwater system
Pressurized drainage system is adopted for roof rainwater drainage system.
Here, return period P=10 years, rainfall ration is 5 minutes, stormwater amount is calculated by the following formula:
Q=998.002(1+0.568lgT)/(t+1.983)0.465
Rainwater gutters are provided on roof along columns, skylight. Rainwater is collected in the gutter, then to rainwater heads and downpipes, and to the outdoors rainwater inspection wells.
11.管材
- 生活給水管,冷卻塔補水管採用銅管,氬弧焊接.
- 直飲水管採用不銹管.
- 消火栓管,冷卻循環管,水幕管,水泵吸水管採用焊接鋼管,焊接.
- 自動噴灑水管,雨淋水管採用熱鍍鋅鋼管,絲扣連接或卡壓連接.
-二氧化碳管採用無縫鋼管焊接.
- 地下車庫泡沫噴淋水管採用不銹鋼管,卡壓連接.
Pipe material
Copper pipes connected by argon arc welding are adopted for the sanitary water pipes, make-up water pipes for cooling towers.
Stainless stell pipes are adopted for portable water pipes.
Welded steel pipes connected by welding are selected for hydrant pipes, cooling circulating pipes, drencher pipes, pump suction pipes.
Hot-galvanized steel pipes connected by threads or compression-seizing are selected for sprinkler and deluge sprinler pipes.
Seamless steel pipes connected by welding are selected for CO2 pipes.
Stainless steel pipes connected by pressed clamp is selected for the pipes of foam sprinklers in the underground garage.
當雨水兩超出雨水溝設計量時,雨水可沿屋檐自由排放.雨水被收集,然後排入市政集水池.
When the amount of rainwater is more than the design value of the gutters, water is discharged naturally along the eaves. Rainwater is collected, and then drained to the municipal catch basins.
圍繞體育館的循環池將用於噴灑運動場和作為室外綠化帶的儲水池.
此池將作為一個循環過濾設施,可容水約7.500 m .
噴灑壓力設備和其它必須的過濾設備安裝在供應樓里.
The circular senic pool surround stadium will be used for spraying sportsfield and as reservoir for outdoor greening.
The pool will be used as a circular filtering facility and will be adopted with a water volume of about 7.500 m .
The spray water pressurizing equipment as well as further necessary filtering equipment will be adopted in the supply building.
2.0 製冷
2.0 Cooling
冷源:
空調冷負荷(估算):
本工程建築面積共50.000平方米,包括觀眾區,休息室,更衣室,小會議室,餐廳,辦公室和其它附屬房.空調設計日峰值冷負荷為2.4MW,設計日總冷負荷為3 kW.
Refrigerating source
Cooling load of air conditioning system
Total floor area for this building is 50,000sqm, which includes spectator areas, lounges, Clothing and changing rooms small meeting rooms, restaurant, office and other auxiliary rooms. Designed dayly peak cooling load is 2,4MW, designed total dayly cooling load is 3kW.
每台1200kW製冷機配一台 流量為206m3/h離心泵.各配一台備用泵
一次泵採用壓差旁路控制.
通過埋地敷管,向游泳體操館供應冷凍水.
A centrifugal pump with a flow rate of 103m3/h is provided for each 1200kW chiller. One operation pump with a standby corresponds to one chiller.
Pressure difference branch control is adopted for primary pump
Via earth laid pipes from supply building to gymnasium chilled water supply will be deliverded.
冷源的選擇:
根據建築的實際情況,3台製冷機將安裝在供應樓內的冷凍機房.設計容量為4800kW. 為了實現能量的效率化使用,設計方案為,1台製冷機的出力為總設計容量的50%.而另2 台.每台出力為總設計容量的25%.
冷凍水系統的主要設備包括3台電動製冷機,一級冷凍泵,二級冷凍泵,自動控制閥等等.冷凍水的供/回水溫度為-7/ 12°C.
Selection of refrigerating source
According to the real condition of the building, 3 chillers are located in the refrigerating plant rooms in the supply building, designed capacity is 2400kW. For actuing in an energy efficient way one chiller about 50% of total capacity (1.200 kW) and two chillers with 25% of total (600 kW each)capacity each are adopted.
Main equipment of chilled water system includes 3 electrical chiller, primary cool water pump, secondary chilled water pump and automatic controlled valve, etc. supply/return temperature of the chiller is-7/ 12°C.
二次泵系統:根據使用功能,各製冷機房又分成不同的循環支路.
二次泵採用變頻調速控制.根據負荷側供回水管的壓差,控制水泵的轉速.
二次泵循環支路的管道採用異程式.
Secondary pump system:
Each refrigerating plant room is subdivided into different circulation branch loops according to use functions.
Variable-frequency speed-regulating control is adopted for secondary pumps. The rotating speed of a water pump is controlled according to the pressure difference between water supply and return pipes.
Direct return system is adopted for the pipes of circulating branch of secondary pumps
空調冷凍水系統
由於本工程佔地面積大,功能復雜,有連續使用,也有間歇使用,為了達到運行靈活,節能的目的,空調冷凍水系統採用兩管制二次泵系統.
Chilled water system
Due to the large occupied area of this project, the complicated functions and the combination of continuous utilization and intermittent utilization, in order to accomplish the purpose of flexible operation and energy saving, the chilled water system is of two-pipe secondary pump system.
管材:
水管採用焊接鋼管及無縫鋼管.
本工程的風管除土建風道外,均採用鍍鋅鐵皮咬口製作.每節風管之間用法蘭連接.
Pipe and ct materials
The water pipes adopt welded steel pipes and seamless steel pipes.
Air cts for this project are made of galvanized sheet steel by seaming except cts by civil construction. Air cts are connected together by flanges.
一次泵系統:
供應樓冷凍機房
2400kW製冷機配一台離心泵, 流量為412m3/h.配一台備用泵.
Primary pump system:
Chiller room supply building
A centrifugal pump with a flow rate of 412m3/h is provided for 1200kW chiller. One operation pump with a standby corresponds to one chiller.
保溫材料:
空調供,回水管,冷凝水管採用酚醛管殼保溫.
空調送,回風管以及處理後的新風管採用外貼鋁箔的離心玻璃棉板保溫.
- 管道穿防火牆的空隙處採用岩棉材料等非燃材料填充.
Thermal materials
phenolic pipes are adopted for thermal insulation of water supply and return pipes for air conditioning, as well as air-conditioning condensate pipes.
Aluminum foil faced glass fiber boards are adopted for thermal insulation of air-conditioning air supply and return cts as well as fresh air cts after chillers.
Non-flammable material will be selected to fill the interspace in the fire protection wall where the cts go through.
消聲與隔振:
冷水機組,水泵等設備採用減振台座,彈簧減振器或橡膠減振墊減振降噪.
在空調機組,新風機組,通風機的進出口採用塗膠帆布軟管連接.
- 水泵進出水管上採用可曲撓橡膠接頭,使設備振動與配管隔離.
Noise rection and vibration isolation
Shock absorption bases, spring shock absorbers on rubber shock absorption pads are adopted for equipment, such as water chiller units, pumps, etc to rece vibration and lower noise.
Flexible rubber-coated canvas hoses are adopted far connections of inlets and outlets of air-conditioning units, fresh air handling units and ventilators.
Flexible rubber couplings are adopted for the water intake and delivery pipes of the pumps to isolate equipment vibration from their pipes.
3.0空調和通風系統
3.0 Air Conditioning and Ventilation Systems
方案設計范圍
Scope of schematic design
空調設計
Air Conditioning Design
在體育館內,一些區域設置空調系統.這些區域劃分為:
西側地下二層的貴賓休息室
東側地下二層酒店門廊
地下一層的輸送區,技術機房,運動員更衣間,醫務服務,熱身區,裁判區,健身中心,酒店大堂,會議室,廚房,特許區和貴賓大堂混合區.
首層的酒店大堂,酒店區,貴賓門廊,急救
In the stadium, in some ranges air conditioning systems are used. These ranges subdivide themselves as follows:
VIP – Lobby in West of levelel -2
Hotel lobby in the east of level –2
Delivary Circle, technical Plantrooms, Changingrooms for the athletes, Medical Service and warm up area, Judges Area, Fitness Center, Hotel Lobby, Conferenz, Kitchen and Concession, Vip lobby- Mixed Zone in level -1
Hotel lobby, Hotel area, Vip lobby, Vip Area, First aid in 0
『拾』 污水處理工藝中常用的名詞術語及它們的英文縮寫
給排水常用名詞中英文對照
1、給水工程 water supply engineering 原水的取集和處理以及成品水輸配的工程。
2、排水工程 sewerage ,wastewater engineering 收集、輸送、處理和處置廢水的工程。
3、給水系統 water supply system 給水的取水、輸水、水質處理和配水等設施以一定方式組合成的總體。
4、排水系統 sewerage system 排水的收集、輸送、水質處理和排放等設施以一定方式組合成的總體。
5、給水水源 water source 給水工程所取用的原水水體。
6、原水raw water 由水源地取來的原料水。
7、地表水surface water 存在於地殼表面，暴露於大氣的水。
8、地下水ground water 存在於地殼岩石裂縫或工壤空隙中的水。
9、苦鹹水(鹼性水) brackish water ,alkaline water 鹼度大於硬度的水，並含大量中性鹽，PH值大於7。
10、淡水fresh water 含鹽量小於500mg/L的水。
11、冷卻水cooling water 用以降低被冷卻對象溫度的水。
12、廢水 wastewater 居民活動過程中排出的水及徑流雨水的總稱。它包括生活污水、工業廢水和初雨徑流以及流入排水管渠的其它水。
13、污水sewage ,wastewater 受一定污染的來自生活和生產的排出水。
14、用水量 water consumption 用水對象實際使用的水量。
15、污水量 wastewater flow ,sewage flow 排水對象排入污水系統的水量。
16、用水定額 water flow norm 對不同的排水對象，在一定時期內制訂相對合理的單位排水量的數值。
17、排水定額 wastewater flow norm 對不同的排水對象，在一定時期內制訂相對合理的單位排水量的數值。
18、水質 water quality 在給水排水工程中，水的物理、化學、生物學等方面的性質。
19、渠道 channel ,conit 天然、人工開鑿、整治或砌築的輸水通道。
20、泵站 pumping house 設置水泵機組、電氣設備和管道、閘閥等的房屋。
21、泵站 pumping station 泵房及其配套設施的總稱。
22、給水處理 water treatment 對不符合用不對象水質要求的水。進行水質改善的過程。
23、污水處理 sewage treatment ,wastewater treatment 為使污水達到排水某一水體或再次使用的水質要求，對其進行凈化的過程。
24、廢水處理 wastewater disposal 對廢水的最終安排。一般將廢水排入地表水體、排放土地和再次使用等。
25、格柵 bar screen 一種柵條形的隔污設備，用以攔截水中較大尺寸的漂浮物或其他雜物。
26、曝氣 aeration 水與氣體接觸，進行溶氧或散除水中溶解性氣體和揮發性物質的過程。
27、沉澱 sedimentation 利用重力沉降作用去除水中雜物的過程。
28、澄清 clarification 通過與高濃度沉渣層的接觸而去除水中雜物的過程。
29、過濾filtration 藉助粒狀材料或多孔介質截除水中質物的過程。
30、離子交換法 ion exchange 採用離子交換劑去除水中某些鹽類離子的過程。
31、氯化 chlorination 在水中投氯或含氯氧化物方法消滅病原體的過程。
32、余氯 resial chlorine 水中投氯，經一定時間接觸後，在水中余留的游離性氯和結合性氯的總和。
33、游離性余氯 free resial chlorine 水中以次氯酸和次氯酸鹽形態存在的余氯。
34、結合性余氯 combinative resial chlorine 水中以二氯胺和一氯胺形態存在的余氯。
35、污泥 sludge 在水處理過程中產生的，以及排水管渠中沉積的固體與水的混合物或膠體物。
36、污泥處理 sludge treatment 對污泥的最終安排。一般將污泥作農肥、製作建築材料、填埋和投棄等。
37、水頭損失 head loss 水流通過管渠、設備和構築物等所引起的能量消耗。
給水工程中系統和水量方面的術語
1、直流水系統 once through system 水經過一次使用後即行排放或處理後排放的給水系統。
2、復用水系統 water reuse system 水經重復利用後再行排放或處理後排放的給水系統。
3、循環水系統 recirculation system 水經使用後不予排放而循環利用或處理後循環利用的給水系統。
4、生活用水 domestic water 人類日常生活所需用的水。
5、生產用水 process water 生產過程所需用的水。
6、消防用水 fire demand 撲滅火災所需用的水。
7、澆灑道路用水 street flushing demand ,road watering 對城鎮道路進行保養、清洗、降溫和消塵等所需用水。
8、綠化用水 green belt sprinkling ,green plot sprinkling 對市政綠地等所需用的水。
給水工程取水構築物的術語
1、管井 deep well ,drilled well 井管從地面打到含水層，抽取地下水的井。
2、管井濾水管 deep well screen 設置在管井動水位以下，用以從含水層中集水的有縫隙或孔隙的管段。
3、管井沉澱管 grit compartment 位於管井最下部，用以容納進入井內的沙粒和從水中析出的沉澱物的管段。
4、大口井 g well ,open well 由人工開挖或沉井法施工，設置井筒，以截取淺層地下水的構築物。
5、井群 batter of wells 數個井組成的群體。
6、滲渠 infiltration gallery 壁上開孔，以集取淺層地下水的水平管渠。
7、地下水取水構築物反濾層 inverted layer 在大口井或滲渠進水處鋪設的粒徑沿水流方向由細到粗的級配礫層(簡稱反濾層)
8、泉室 spring chamber 集取泉水的構築物。
9、進水間 intake chamber 連接取水管與吸水井、內設格柵或格網的構築物。
10、格網 screen 一種網狀的用以攔截水中較大尺寸的漂浮物、水生動物或其他污染物的攔污設備。其網眼尺寸較格柵為小。
11、吸水井 suction well 為水泵吸水管專門設置的構築物。
給水工程中凈水構築物的術語
1、凈水構築物 purification structure 以去除水中懸浮固體和膠體雜質等為主要目的的構築物的總稱。
2、投葯 chemical dosing 為進行水處理而向水中加一定劑量的化學葯劑的過程。
3、混合 mixing 使投入的葯劑迅速均勻地擴散於被處理水中以創造良好的凝聚反應條件的過程。
4、凝聚 coagulation 為了消除膠體顆粒間的排斥力或破壞其親水性，使顆粒易於相互接觸而吸附的過程。
5、絮凝 flocculation A、完成凝聚的膠體在一定的外力擾動下相互碰撞、聚集以形成較大絮狀顆粒的過程。曾用名反應。 B、高分子絮凝劑在懸浮固體和膠體雜質之間吸附架橋的過程。
6、自然沉澱 plain sedimentation 不加註任何凝聚劑的沉澱過程。
7、凝聚沉澱 coagulation sedimentation 加註凝聚劑的沉澱過程。
8、凝聚劑 coagulant 在凝聚過程中所投加的葯劑的統稱。
9、助凝劑 coagulant aid 在水的沉澱、澄清過程中，為改善絮凝效果，另設加的輔助葯劑。
10、葯劑固定儲備量 standby reserve 為考慮非正常原因導致葯劑供應中斷，而在葯劑倉庫內設置的在一般情況下不準動用的儲備量。簡稱固定儲備量。
11、葯劑周轉儲備量 current reserve 考慮葯劑消耗與供應時間之間差異所需的儲備量。簡稱周轉儲備量。
12、沉沙池(沉砂池)desilting basin ,grit chamber 去除水中自重很大、能自然沉降的較大粒徑沙粒或雜粒的水池。
13、預沉池 pre-sedimentation tank 原水中泥沙顆粒較大或濃度較高時，在進行凝聚沉澱處理前設置的沉澱池。
14、平流沉澱池 horizontal flow sedimentation tank 水沿水平方向流動的沉澱池。
15、異向流斜管 (或斜板)沉澱池 tube(plate)settler 池內設置斜管(或斜板)，水自下而上經斜管(或斜板)進行沉澱，沉泥沿斜管(或斜板)向下滑動的沉澱的池。
16、同向流斜板沉澱池lamella 池內設置斜板，沉澱過程在斜板內進行，水流與沉泥均沿斜板向下流動的沉澱池。
17、機械攪拌澄清池 accelerator 利用機械使水提升和攪拌，促使泥渣循環，並使原水中固體雜質與己形成的泥渣接觸絮凝而分離沉澱的水池。
18、水力循環澄清池 circulator clarifier 利用水力使水提升，促使泥渣循環，並使原水中固體雜質與己形成的泥渣接觸絮凝而分離沉澱的水池。
19、脈沖澄清池 pulsator 懸浮層不斷產生固周期性的壓縮和膨脹，促使原水中固體雜質與己形成的泥渣進行接觸凝聚頁分離沉澱的水池。
20、懸浮澄清池 sludge blanket clarifier 加葯後的原水由上通過處於懸浮狀態的泥渣層，使水中雜質與泥渣懸浮層的顆粒碰撞凝聚而分離沉澱的水池。
21、液面負荷 surface load 在沉澱池、澄清池等沉澱構築物的凈化部分中，單位液(水)面積所負擔的出水流量。其計量單位通常以m3/(m2.h)表示。
22、氣浮池 floatation tank 運用絮凝和浮選原理使液體中的雜質分離上浮而去除的池子。
23、氣浮溶氣罐 dissolved air vessel 在氣浮工藝中，水與空氣在有壓條件下相互溶合的密閉容器。簡稱溶氣罐。
24、清水池 clear-water reservoir 為貯存水廠中凈化後的清水，以調節水廠制水量與供水量之間的差額，並為滿足加氯接觸時間而設置的水池。
給水工程中輸配水管網的術語
1、配水管網 distribution system ，pipe system 將水送到分配管網以至用戶的管系。
2、環狀管網pipe network 配水管網的一種置形式，管道縱橫相互接通，形成環狀。
3、枝狀管網 branch system 配水管網的一種布置形式，干管和支管分明，形成樹枝狀。
4、水管支墩 buttress ,anchorage 為防止由管內水壓引起的水管配件接頭移位而造成漏水，需在水管幹線適當部位砌築的墩座。簡稱支墩。
排水工程中排水制度和管渠附屬構築物的術語及其涵義
1、排水制度 sewer system 在一個地區內收集和輸送廢水的方式。它有合流制和分流制兩種基本方式。
2、合流制 combined system 用同一種管渠分別收集和輸送廢水的排水的方式。
3、分流制 separate system 用不同管渠分別收集和輸送各種污水、雨水和生產廢水的排水的方式。
4、檢查井 manhole 排水管渠上連接其他管渠以及供養護工人檢查、清通和出入管渠的構築物。
5、跌水井 drop manhole 上下游管底跌差較大的檢查井。
6、事故排出口 emergency outlet 在排水系統發生故障時，把廢水臨時排放到天然水體或其它地點去的設施。
7、曝雨溢流井 (截留井)storm overflow well ,intercepting well 合流制排水系統中，用來截留、控制合流水量的構築物
排水工程中水和水處理的術語及其涵義
1、生活污水 domestic sewage ,domestic wastewater 居民中日常生活中排出的廢水。
2、工業廢水 instrial wastewater 生產過程中排出的水。它包括生產廢水和生產污水。
3、生產污水polluted instrial wastewater 被污染的工業廢水。還包括水溫過高，排入後造成熱污染的工業廢水。
4、生產廢水 non-polluted instrial wastewater 未受污染或受輕微污染以及水溫稍有升高的工業廢水。
5、城市污水 municipal sewage ,municipal wastewater 排入城鎮污水系統的污水的統稱。在合流制排水系統中，還包括生產廢水和截留的雨水。
6、旱流污水 dry weather flow 合流制排水系統在晴天時輸送的污水。
7、水體自凈 self-purification of water bodies 河流等水體在自然條件的生化作用下，有機物降解，溶解氧回升和水體生物群逐漸恢復正常的過程。
8、一級處理 primary treatment 去除污水中的漂浮物和懸浮物的凈化過程，主要為沉澱。
9、二級處理 secondary treatment 污水經一級處理後，用生物處理方法繼續除去污水不膠體和溶解性有機物的凈化過程。
10、生物處理 biological treatment 利用微生物的作用，使污水中不穩定有機物降解和穩定的過程。
11、活性污泥法 activated sludge process 污水生物處理的一種方法。該法是在人工充氧條件下，對污水和各微生物群體進行連續混和培養，形成活性污泥。利用活性污泥的生物凝聚、吸附和氧化作用，以分解去除污水中的有機污染物。然後使污泥與水分離，大部分污泥再迴流到曝氣池，多餘部分則排出活性污泥系統。
12、生物膜法 biomembrance process 污水生物處理的一種方法。該法採用各種不同載體，通過污水與載體的不斷接觸，在載體上繁殖生物膜，利用膜的生物吸附和氧化作用，以降解去除污水中的有機污染物，脫落下來的生物膜與水進行分離。
13、雙層沉澱池(隱化池) Imhoff tank 由上層沉澱槽和下層污泥消化室組成。
14、初次沉澱池 primary sedimentation tank 污水處理中第一次沉澱的構築物，主要用以降低污水中的懸浮固體濃度。
15、二次沉澱池 secondary sedimentation tank 污水生物處理出水的沉澱構築物，用以分離其中的污泥。
16、生物濾池 biological filter ,trickling filter 由碎石或塑料製品填料構成的生物處理構築物。污水與填料表面上生長的微生物膜間歇接觸，使污水得到凈化。
17、生物接觸氧化 bio-contact oxidation 由浸沒在污水中的填料和人工曝氣系統構成的生物處理工藝。在有氧的條件下，污水與填表面的生物膜反復接觸，使污水獲得凈化。
18、曝氣池 aeration tank 利用活性污泥法進行污水生物處理的構築物。池內提供一定污水停留時間，滿足好氧微生物所需的氧量以及污水與活性污泥充分接觸的混合條件。
排水工程中污泥和污泥處理的術語及其涵義
1、原污泥 raw sludge 未經污泥處理的初沉污泥、二沉剩餘污或兩者的混合污泥。
2、初沉污泥 primary sludge 從初次沉澱池排出的沉澱物。
3、二沉污泥 secondary sludge 從二次沉澱池排出的沉澱物。
4、活性污泥 activated sludge 曝氣池中繁殖的含有各種好氧微生物群體的絮狀體。
5、消化污泥 digested sludge 經過好氧消化或厭氧消化的污泥，所含有機物質濃度有一定程度的降低，並趨於穩定。
6、迴流污泥 returned sludge 由於次沉澱池(或沉澱區)分離出來，迴流到曝氣池的活性污泥。
7、剩餘污泥 excess activated sludge 活性污泥系統中從二次沉澱池(或沉澱區)排出系統外的活性污泥。
8、污泥氣 sludge gas 在污泥厭氧消化時，有機物分解所產生的氣體。主要成分為甲烷和二氧化碳，並有少量的氫、氮和硫化氫。俗稱沼氣。
9、污泥消化 sludge digestion 在有氧或無氧條件下，利用微生物的作用，使污泥中有機物轉化為較穩定物質的過程。
10、好氧消化 aerobic digestion 污泥經過較長時間的曝氣，其中一部分有機物由好氧微生物進一步降解和穩定的過程。
11、厭氧消化 anaerobic digestion 在無氧條件下，污泥中的有機物由厭氧微生物進行降解和穩定的過程。
12、中溫消化 mesophilic digestion 污泥在溫度為33℃－35℃時進行的厭氧消化工藝。
13、高溫消化 thermophilic digestion 污泥在溫度為53℃－55℃時進行的厭氧消化工藝。
14、污泥濃縮 sludge thickening 採用重力或氣浮法降低污泥含水量，使污泥稠化的過程。
15、污泥淘洗 elutriation of sludge 改善污泥脫水能的一種污泥預處理方法。用清水或廢水淘洗污泥，降低水化污泥鹼度，節省污泥處理投葯量，提高污濾脫水效率。
16、污泥脫水 sludge dewatering 對濃縮污泥進一步去除一部分含水量的過程，一般指機械脫水。
17、污泥真空過濾 sludge vacuum filtration 利用真空使過濾介質一側減壓，介質的污泥脫水方法。
18、污泥壓濾 sludge pressure filtration 採用正壓過濾，使污泥水強制濾過介質的污泥脫水方法。
19、污泥干化 sludge drying 通過滲濾或蒸發等作用，從污泥中去除大部分含水量的過程，一般指採用污泥干化場(床)等自然蒸發設施。
20、污泥焚燒 sludge incineration 污泥處理的一種工藝。它利用焚燒爐將脫水污泥加溫乾燥，再用高溫氧化污泥中的有機物，使污泥成為少量灰燼。
排水工程中物理量的術語及其涵義
1、生化需氧量 biochmical oxygen demand 水樣在一定條件下，於一定期間內(一般採用5日、20℃)進行需氧化所消耗的溶解氧量。英文簡稱BOD。
2、化學需氧量 chemical oxygen demand 水樣中可氧化物從氧化劑重鉻酸鉀中所吸收的氧量。英文簡稱COD。
3、耗氧量 oxygen consumption 水樣中氧化物從氧化劑高錳酸鉀所吸收的氧量。英文簡稱OC或CODMn 。
4、懸浮固體 suspended solid 水中呈懸浮狀態的固體，一般指用濾紙過濾水樣，將濾後截留物在105℃溫度中乾燥恆重後的固體重量。英文簡稱SS